EXOLIT AP FIRE RETARDANTS

Exolit AP Fire Retardants is an organic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.
As a chemical, Exolit AP Fire Retardants is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and halogen-free.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is most commonly used as a flame retardant, selection of the specific grade of ammonium polyphosphate can be determined by the solubility, Phosphorus content, chain length and polymerization degree.

CAS Number: 68333-79-9
Molecular Formula: H12N3O4P
Molecular Weight: 149.086741
EINECS Number: 269-789-9

Synonyms: 10361-65-6, 68333-79-9, Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:3), Triammonium orthophosphate, triazanium;phosphate, Ammonium phosphate, tribasic, Phosphoric acid, triammonium salt, 2ZJF06M0I9, 68412-62-4, triammonium phosphate, UNII-2ZJF06M0I9, EINECS 233-793-9, EINECS 270-200-2, DTXSID8052778, (NH4)3PO4, n inverted exclamation markY1000, Ammonium Phosphate GFAA Matrix Modifier: 10% NH4H2PO4 in 2% HNO3, AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE ((NH4)3PO4), NS00127542

Exolit AP Fire Retardants phase I has a short and linear chain (n < 100), it is more water sensitive (hydrolysis) and less thermally stable; actually it begins to decompose at temperatures above 150 °C.
The chain length (n) of Exolit AP Fire Retardants can be linear or branched.
Depending on the polymerization degree, there are two main families of ammonium polyphosphate: Crystal phase I APP (or APP I), and Crystal phase II APP (or APP II).

The second family of Exolit AP Fire Retardants is the APP Phase II; which has an high polymerization degree, with n>1000, its structure is cross linked (branched), and it is an high-quality non-halogenated flame retardant.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants phase II, Ammonium polyphosphate, has an higher thermal stability (the decomposition starts at approximately 300°C) and lower water solubility than APP I.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants are a series of advanced, non-halogenated flame retardant additives developed by Clariant.

These additives are used to enhance the fire resistance of various materials, including plastics, textiles, coatings, and construction materials.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants products are based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP), which is known for its effectiveness in improving the fire performance of materials without the use of halogens, thus making them more environmentally friendly and reducing the release of toxic gases during combustion.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants are liquid fertilizers with compositions up to 11-37-0, manufactured by the reaction of anhydrous ammonia with superphosphoric acid.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants is made by the concentration of regular wet-process acid up to P2O5 concentrations of 78%.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants suitable for bulk blending are made by reacting ammonia with regular wet process acid of 52% P2O5 content and using the heat of reaction to drive off water to produce a phosphate melt of 10-43-0, with about 40% of the phosphorus in the polyphosphate form.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants non-halogenated flame retardants are safer and more sustainable alternatives to volatile and scrutinized flame retardants such as halogenated and non-halogenated phosphate esters (e. g. TCPP1).

They are based on high molecular weight ammonium polyphosphate (phase II).
Because of lower solubility in water, catalyst interaction is reduced.
They can be used on their own in synergistic combinations.

Clariant sells the pure Exolit AP Fire Retardants as well as a ready-to-use synergistic blend, Exolit AP 750.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants has shown to be less abrasive to PUR dosing and metering equipment than many other common solid fillers in trials with renowned equipment manufacturers.
Thanks to microencapsulation, Exolit AP Fire Retardants is even less susceptible to reaction with amine catalysts, and easily dispersible in typical polyester polyols.

Lower fogging and Exolit AP Fire Retardants values can be achieved which meet stringent emission standards for PUR flexible foams in the automotive industry.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants producers are facing demanding regulations regarding the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC)2.
Furthermore, due to regulatory scrutiny several phosphate esters might be banned from usage in various products in the near future.

With respect to this need, Exolit AP Fire Retardants products are an excellent choice. Being non-hazardous, inorganic substances, Exolit AP products pose no additional risk to health and environment, and do not contribute to harmful VOC emissions.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants family was the pioneer in non-halogenated flame retardants that could withstand the demanding requirements of different high end segments for plastics.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants products show a favorable environmental and health profile compared to TCPP with negligible plasticizing effect, reduced influence on mechanical properties and higher system-stability compared to other APP grades.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants is non hazardous, studies on life cycle data are available.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants has been awarded the EcoTain label - Clariant's approach to highlight sustainable products.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants, the basic ingredient in Clariant’s Exolit AP product range, is also assigned a GreenScreen Benchmark of 34.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants is a colorless, non-hygroscopic, non-flammable, fine particle ammonium polyphosphate (phase II).
Acts as a flame retardant used as an acid donor due to its low water solubility.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants exhibits very low acid number.

Imparts lower viscosity in aqueous suspensions and in PU polyol suspension.
Designed for intumescent coatings on wood or plastics.
Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others.

Their application on wood or plastics enables these materials to qualify for Building Material Class B (DIN EN 13501-1).
Polyurethane foams with Exolit AP Fire Retardants can be recycled.
Recommended dosage level is 15-20% to achieve DIN EN 13501-1 classification with chipboard products.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants by Clariant is a biodegradable, non-hygroscopic flame retardant with favorable environmental and health profile.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is a colorless, fine-particle ammonium polyphosphate (phase II) produced by a special method.
It provides low viscosity in aqueous suspension.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants possesses very low acid number, extremely low vapor pressure and reduced water-solubility, making it suitable for low-emission foams in automotive and consumer applications.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants can be used in environments with strict flammability requirements, such as public buildings, buying critical evacuation time for occupants in the event of a fire.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is completely clear and easy to formulate and apply.

For retaining the appearance and quality of exterior woods over the long-term, new Hostavin 3315 DISP adds the benefit of sustainable, label-free UVA protection to waterborne clearcoats and paint systems.
The UV absorber has excellent photo-permanence and also high resistance to migration which helps keep cladding or fencing, for example, in top condition whatever the weather.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is a non-halogenated flame retardant based on ammonium polyphosphate as main component, which develops its effectiveness through phosphorus/nitrogen synergism.

In contrast to similar competitive material, it shows high processing stability.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants differs in its mode of action from non phosphorus-based flame retardants (e. g. brominated, chlorinated or mineral FRs like ATH) by achieving its effect through intumescence.
Material containing Exolit AP Fire Retardants will foam on exposure to flame.

The carbon-rich foam layer so formed will protect the polymer and in many cases the substrate below through its heat-insulating effect, reduces further oxygen access and prevents dripping in case of a thermoplastic based formulation. Beyond the primary effects on fire behavior such as reduction of flame propagation rate, rate of heat release, dripping behavior, residual lengths of test specimens after flame tests etc., positive secondary fire effects such as low smoke density, no release of corrosive off-gases, lower formation of toxic smoke gases are of great interest.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants fire retardants do not contain halogens, which helps in minimizing the release of harmful and corrosive gases during a fire.

They offer excellent thermal stability, making them suitable for high-temperature processing and applications.
Being non-halogenated, they are more sustainable and have a lower environmental impact compared to traditional halogenated flame retardants.
Suitable for a wide range of materials, including polyolefins, engineering plastics, thermosets, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.

Provide effective flame retardancy by promoting char formation and intumescence, which helps to protect the underlying material from heat and flame.
Applications
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is used in various plastic applications, including polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamides (PA), and other engineering plastics to enhance their fire resistance.
Applied to fabrics and textiles to improve their fire safety, commonly used in upholstery, curtains, and protective clothing.

Density: 1.74[at 20℃]
vapor pressure: 0.076Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: −20°C
solubility: Aqueous Acid (Slightly)
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
InChI: InChI=1S/3H3N.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h3*1H3;(H3,1,2,3,4)
InChIKey: ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[N+]([H])([H])([H])[H].[N+]([H])([H])([H])[H].[N+]([H])([H])([H])[H]
LogP: -2.148 (est)

Exolit AP Fire Retardants fertilizer is a unique liquid nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer produced in Russia only by PhosAgro.
Maximum phosphorus availability and absorption by plants compared to traditional solid phosphorus-based fertilizers, especially on soils with high calcium carbonate content.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants ensures yield increase for different crops during foliar application.

It is most effective in dry weather conditions.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is easy to store on farms.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is a branched or linear polymeric compound with a variable degree of polymerization (n).

Generally, Exolit AP Fire Retardants of a low degree of polymerization (n ≤ 100, crystalline form I) is water soluble or water sensitive, while APP with longer chains (n ≥ 1000, crystalline form II) displays a very low water solubility (<0.1 g/100 mL).
In general, long-chain Exolit AP Fire Retardants starts to degrade at above 300°C, generating ammonia and polyphosphoric acid, while the short-chain one begins decomposing at 150°C.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants non-halogenated flame retardants are safer and more sustainable alternatives to volatile and scrutinized flame retardants such as halogenated and non-halogenated phosphate esters (e. g. TCPP1).

Clariant sells the pure ammonium polyphosphate (e.g. Exolit AP 422) as well as a ready-to-use synergistic blend, Exolit AP Fire Retardants.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants has shown to be less abrasive to PUR dosing and metering equipment than many other common solid fillers in trials with renowned equipment manufacturers.
Thanks to microencapsulation, Exolit AP Fire Retardants is even less susceptible to reaction with amine catalysts, and easily dispersible in typical polyester polyols.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants values can be achieved which meet stringent emission standards for PUR flexible foams in the automotive industry.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants producers are facing demanding regulations regarding the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Furthermore, due to regulatory scrutiny several phosphate esters might be banned from usage in various products in the near future.

Because of its high heat stability, Exolit AP Fire Retardants is also used in intumescent formulations for thermoplastics, particularly polypropylene with a classification of UL 94-V0 specified for electrical applications.
For thermosets like epoxy resins and unsaturated polyester resins, it helps in the production of lightweight components with low solids content.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is designed for polyolefin-based wood plastic composites (WPC) with high wood contents (>50%) at a dosage of 10-15%.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants is also recommended for transport applications such as railway (EN 45545-2) and aviation (FAR 25.853) to obtain good fire, smoke and toxicity results.
In rigid integral skin foam for E&E applications, it can be used to achieve UL 94 (VO) ratings.
Compared to many other APP grades, Exolit AP Fire Retardants shows minimum impact on amine catalysts.

The performance profile required of modern flame retardants has changed significantly in recent years.
Alongside their effectiveness in the event of a fire, environmental considerations play an ever greater role in all phases of the product life cycle – from production and processing through to actual use and end-of-life recycling.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is an issue that has been raised by the end users of the products and followed up by the processors.

As a global market leader in non-halogenated flame retardants, Clariant’s Exolit AP Fire Retardants portfolio provides great technical, economical and ecological benefit.We offer flame retardants for these polymers.
Incorporated into fire-resistant coatings and paints for construction materials, providing an added layer of protection against fire.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is used in building and construction products, such as insulation materials, to meet stringent fire safety standards.

Suitable for use in electrical and electronic components, helping to prevent the spread of fire in electronic devices and appliances.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants a fine-particle grade ammonium polyphosphate primarily used in intumescent coatings and thermoset resins.
Designed for thermoplastics, offering good thermal stability and compatibility with various polymer matrices.

An encapsulated version of ammonium polyphosphate that provides improved water resistance and enhanced processing characteristics.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants fire retardants work primarily through the intumescent mechanism.
When exposed to heat, they decompose to form a protective char layer that acts as a barrier, slowing down the heat transfer and preventing the underlying material from catching fire.

This char layer also helps to insulate the material, reducing the release of flammable gases and delaying the spread of flames.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants products are designed to comply with various fire safety standards and regulations, making them suitable for use in applications where stringent fire performance criteria are required.
They are tested according to international fire safety standards and are often used to help products meet regulatory requirements such as RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) and REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals).

Uses Of Exolit AP Fire Retardants:
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is a specialty chemical that finds many different uses in key industries.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants, is an environment-friendly and halogen-free flame retardant.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is the main constituent of many intumescent flame retardant systems: coatings, paints and engineering plastics.

It is used to prepare 20% Phosphorous/Nitrogen containing flame retardants, it can be used solely or in conjunction with other materials in the flameproof treatment for textiles, papers, fibers and woods.
Special treatment can be used to prepare 50% high concentration flameproof formulations required for special applications.
The most common Exolit AP Fire Retardants fertilizers have a N-P2O5-K2O (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) composition of 10-34-0 or 11-37-0.

Polyphosphate fertilizers offer the advantage of a high nutrient content in a clear, crystal-free fluid that remains stable within a wide temperature range and stores well for long periods.
A variety of other nutrients mix well with polyphosphate fertilizers, making them excellent carriers of micronutrients typically needed by plants.
Enhances fire resistance in Exolit AP Fire Retardants and polyethylene (PE), commonly used in automotive parts, electrical housings, and consumer goods.

Improves fire retardancy in high-performance plastics such as polyamides (PA), polyesters (PET, PBT), and polycarbonate (PC), used in automotive, electronics, and industrial applications.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants utilized in composite materials for lightweight and high-strength applications, providing essential fire protection.
Applied to fabrics used in furniture to improve fire safety in residential and commercial settings.

Enhances the fire resistance of window treatments, crucial for fire safety in public buildings like theaters, schools, and hotels.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants s used in the production of flame-resistant clothing for firefighters, industrial workers, and military personnel, providing critical protection in hazardous environments.
Integrated into coatings that swell and form an insulating char layer when exposed to high temperatures, used on steel structures, wood, and other building materials.

Added to paints for walls, ceilings, and structural components to prevent the spread of fire and reduce smoke production.
Incorporated into insulation products such as foams and boards to enhance fire resistance in buildings, ensuring compliance with fire safety regulations.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants is used in drywall and plasterboard to improve their fire-resistant properties, essential for fire-rated partitions and ceilings.

Enhances fire safety in cable sheathing and insulation, preventing the spread of fire in electrical installations and equipment.
Used in enclosures and components for electronics, helping to meet stringent fire safety standards and improve consumer safety.
Provides fire retardancy in automotive interior parts such as dashboards, seats, and trim, contributing to overall vehicle safety.

Enhances the fire resistance of parts within the engine compartment, where exposure to high temperatures and potential ignition sources is common.
Used in formulations for adhesives and sealants that require fire-resistant properties, applicable in construction and manufacturing industries.
Improves the fire performance of polyurethane foams used in furniture, bedding, and automotive applications.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants is used in materials for ships and offshore platforms, where stringent fire safety standards are critical.
Applied in materials and components for aircraft to enhance fire safety and comply with aviation regulations.
Fine-particle grade for intumescent coatings and thermoset resins.

Designed for thermoplastics with good thermal stability.
Encapsulated version for improved water resistance and processing characteristics.
Provides effective fire retardancy by promoting char formation and intumescence.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants environmentally friendly and minimizes the release of toxic gases during combustion.
Suitable for a wide range of materials and industries.
Helps products meet various international fire safety standards and regulations.

Enhanced fire safety in vehicle interiors, crucial for passenger protection.
Increased thermal stability and fire resistance in engine parts.
Fire retardant properties for smartphones, laptops, and household appliances.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants improved safety in small electronic components.
Fire-resistant fabrics for chairs, sofas, and cubicle partitions.
Fire-safe materials for bus, train, and airplane seats.

Exolit AP Fire Retardants flame-resistant garments for workers in oil, gas, and manufacturing sectors.
High-performance flame-retardant textiles for emergency responders.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants intumescent coatings for structural steel in buildings, enhancing fire resistance and prolonging structural integrity during fires.

Protective layers for wooden structures, reducing flammability and smoke production.
Fire-resistant coatings for electrical and control panels, ensuring safety in industrial environments.
Enhanced fire resistance for coatings used in pipelines, especially in oil and gas industries.

Enhanced fire resistance for drywall and other partition materials, meeting fire safety standards.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants improved safety for insulated panels used in cold storage and industrial buildings.

Enhanced fire retardant properties for polyurethane and polystyrene foams used in building insulation.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants increased fire safety for fiberglass products used in residential and commercial buildings.

Safety Profile Of Exolit AP Fire Retardants:
Dust from Exolit AP Fire Retardants powders can be irritating to the respiratory tract.
Prolonged or repeated inhalation may cause respiratory discomfort or other symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath.
Direct contact with the skin may cause mild irritation.

Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to dry skin or dermatitis.
Dust particles can cause mechanical irritation to the eyes, resulting in redness, tearing, and discomfort.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants ingesting large amounts of the product can cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, and discomfort.

Although Exolit AP Fire Retardants is less harmful to the environment compared to some other fire retardants, it can still contribute to water pollution if not managed properly.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants can promote eutrophication in water bodies, leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion.
Improper disposal can lead to soil contamination, potentially affecting soil health and plant growth.

Use appropriate PPE, such as dust masks, gloves, and safety goggles, to minimize exposure to dust and prevent irritation.
Exolit AP Fire Retardants ensure adequate ventilation in areas where the product is handled to avoid inhalation of dust particles.